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Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of modified Buyang Huanwutang combined with electroacupuncture （EA） in the treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury （TSCI） due to Qi deficiency and blood stasis. Method:Eighty-seven TSCI patients who met the inclusion requirements were randomly divided into an observation group （<italic>n</italic>=44） and a control group （<italic>n</italic>=43）. On the basis of comprehensive western medical treatments， patients in the control group were further provided with Wuwei Tongshuan oral liquid，10 mL per time，three times per day， while those in the observation group received modified Buyang Huanwutang，one bag per day，for 12 consecutive weeks. Besides， EA was performed in both groups in the same way， once per day， six times per week， for six weeks in total. The American Spinal Injury Association （ASIA） motor score， modified Barthel index （MBI），visual analog scale （VAS） pain score，Berg balance scale （BBS） score，modified Ashworth scale （MAS） score， spinal cord independence measure-Ⅲ（SCIM-Ⅲ） score， lower limb range of motion （ROM）， and Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome score before and after treatment were evaluated， followed by the recording of the occurrence of complications during treatment. The brain-derived nerve growth factor （BDNF）， nerve growth factor （NGF）， vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， neurotrophic factor-3 （NT-3）， malondialdehyde （MDA） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） levels before and after treatment were determined. Result:The motor， light touch， needling sensation， MBI， and BBS scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while the AS and MAS scores were lower（<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The angles of adductor and straight leg raising in the observation group were greater than those of the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01），but the Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome score was lower（<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Both the scores of self-care， respiration， and sphincter management in SCIM-Ⅲ and the total score in the observation group were elevated as compared with those of the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The cumulative incidence of complications in the observation group was 34.09%，significantly lower than 55.81% in the control group （<italic>χ</italic><sup>2</sup>=4.149，<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with the control group， the observation group exhibited remarkably increased BDNF， NGF， VEGF， NT-3， and SOD （<italic>P</italic><0.01） and decreased MDA （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Modified Buyang Huanwutang combined with EA is effective in alleviating spinal cord injury， promoting neural functional recovery， improving independence in activities of daily living， reducing the incidence of complications of patients with TSCI， which may be related to the amelioration of ischemia and hypoxia， inhibition of lipid peroxidation， and acceleration of nerve cell repair and regeneration.
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Objective::To select volatile oils from 16 species of plants (Cymbopogon citratus, Pelargonium graveolens, Pinus tabulieformis, Litsea cubeba, Mentha haplocalyx, Zingiber officinale, Syzygium aromaticum, Curcuma longa, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Cinnamomum cassia, Ocimum basilicum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Zanthoxylum armatum, Illicium verum, Myristica fragrans) that have good inhibitory effect on the growth of Aspergillus flavus. Method::Aspergillus flavus was isolated from the surface of Platycladi Semen medicinal materials by plate culture method. The volatile oils of 16 plants were extracted by steam distillation. The colony diameter of Aspergillus flavus was determined by fumigation of filter paper, and the effect of volatile oils on the growth of Aspergillus flavus was systematically studied. Result::Aspergillus flavus was successfully isolated from Platycladi Semen by means of morphological, microscopic and DNA barcoding identification methods, the bacteriostatic rates of the above 16 kinds of volatile oils against Aspergillus flavus were 2.93%, 0.05%, 0.37%, 76.07%, 0.34%, 0.15%, 50.05%, 8.51%, 1.43%, 58.20%, 0.07%, 2.60%, 8.73%, 100.00%, 52.62%, 0.07%, respectively. Conclusion::The volatile oils of 16 plants all have different degrees of antibacterial activities for Aspergillus flavus, and volatile oils of Zanthoxylum armatum, Litsea cubeba and Cinnamomum cassia have good inhibitory effect. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of Aspergillus flavus in the growth and storage of Platycladi Semen, and provide a basis for further research on plant volatile oil as bacteriostatic agents in the storage process of traditional Chinese medicine.
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The structural composition of the surface fungal community of commercially Platycladi semen was analyzed to reveal the surface fungal biodiversity and structural differences. Platycladi semen was collected from Henan, Shandong and Hong Kong, their DNA was extracted, ITS fragments in DNA were amplified by PCR. Miseq was sequenced on Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform after the PCR products were qualified for quality inspection. The sequence OTU cluster was obtained and bioinformatics analysis was carried out. Microbial communities were not observed in the eyes of the Platycladi semen in the three regions. Sequencing results showed that the surface microbial community had high biodiversity, but there were significant differences in species composition. Seven samples o Platycladi semen obtained 345 947 valid sequences, which were divided into 267 OTUs, 3 phylums. 18 classes, 40 orders, 82 families, 120 genus, 191 species fungi. At the genus level, Aspergillus is the dominant species, accounting for the highest proportion, reaching (93.36 ± 6.01)%. Seven samples were contaminated by Aspergillus flavus, and the pollution levels were 14.58%, 15.98%, 17.64%, 16.44%, 0.97%, 23.39% and 18.86%. Except sample No. 5, Aspergillus cibarius was the most abundant, the other six samples were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus as the core microflora. By analyzing the diversity of fungi distribution in different habitats, we can fully understand the fungi on the surface of Platycladi semen, lay a foundation for early risk warning of Aspergillus flavus contamination and its aflatoxin contamination, and provide a theoretical basis for the quality and safety of Platycladi semen.
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Objective To determine whether Auto-Planning-based volumetric modulated radiotherapy(Auto-VMAT)planning can improve planning efficiency without compromising plan quality compared with current manual trial-and-error-based volumetric modulated arc therapy(Manual-VMAT) planning for patients with rectal cancer. Methods Ten patients with stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ rectal cancer who underwent Dixon surgery were enrolled as subjects. The Pinnacle 9.10 planning system was used to design Manual-VMAT and Auto-VMAT plans. Dose distribution,homogeneity index(HI),conformity index(CI), D meanvalues of different organs at risk or dose-volume histogram of regions of interest,total planning time, and manual planning time were compared between the two plans. The differences were analyzed by paired t test. Results Dosimetric prescriptions were achieved in both plans. There were no significant differences in HI or CI between the Auto-VMAT plans and the Manual-VMAT plans(0.058 vs. 0.058, P=0.972;0.921 vs. 0.940,P=0.115). Compared with the Manual-VMAT plans,the V 40,D mean,and D 50%of the bladder were significantly reduced by 25.6%, 11.5%, and 8.9%, respectively, in the Auto-VMAT plans(P=0.004,0.016,0.001);the V 40,D mean,and D 50%of the small intestine were also significantly reduced by 12.1%,5.4%,and 6.8%,respectively,in the Auto-VMAT plans(P=0.023,0.001,0.001);the V 30, D mean,and D 50%of the left and right femoral heads were slightly reduced in the Auto-VMAT plans. The Auto-VMAT plans had significantly longer total planning time but significantly shorter manual planning time than the Manual-VMAT plans(50.38 vs. 36.81 min, P= 0.000;4.47 vs. 16.94 min, P= 0.000). Conclusions Compared with the Manual-VMAT plans, the Auto-VMAT plans have substantially shorter manual planning time and improved planning efficiency.
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Objective:TThe aim of this study was to observe the changes of the volume and distribution of body fluid after abdominal surgery,and further to explore its characteristics and influence factors.Methods:Sixtyone patients were included between March and June in 2016.The volume of intracellular water (ICW),extracellular water (ECW) and total body water (TBW) was estimated by InbodyS 10 on preoperative day 1 (PreD 1) and postoperative day (POD) 1,3,5 and 7.Furthermore,the patients were grouped according to the age,sex,type of operation,operation time and the daily liquid input,and the influence factors of postoperative fluid volume were analyzed in each subgroup.Results:Comparing to that of PreD1,the ICW,ECW,and TBW,mainly ECW,were increased significantly on POD1 (P＜ 0.05),and the level of postoperative fluid volume was decreased to that of PreD1 between POD3 and POD7.It showed that there was difference in the net increasing of body fluid on POD1 between different type of the patients.Obviously,the net increasing of fluid volume in woman on POD 1 was more than that in man.The net increasing of fluid volume on POD1 was correlated with the operation time and net liquid input.Conclusion:The fluid retention was found in the early stage of postoperative patients,and mainly exists in ECW.The main influence factors resulting postoperative fluid retention were prolonged operation time and increased net fluid input.
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ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the regulation of adenovirus type 36 infection on precursor protein particles progranulin expression in Uygur obese patients.Methods Based on the diagnostic criteria of obesity,the samples were divided into obese group and non-obese group.Serum neutralization test was used to detect the antibody of Ad36.The progranulin mRNA expressions in abdominal omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues were detected by real-time quantitative PCR.ELISA method was used to determine serum progranulin protein levels. CD68 protein expression of macrophage was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results ① In the Uygur population of our study,compared with that in the non-obese group (38/1 1 7,32.5%),the number of obese patients (54/1 1 5,47.0%)infected with Ad36 was significantly higher than that in non-obese group (P <0.05 ).② Serum progranulin was significantly increased in the Ad36-infected obese group (408.45±1 56.92)than in non-obese group (326.1 1±1 58.60)(P <0.05).The mRNA expression of progranulin did not differ between the two groups.③ The macrophage infiltration was significantly higher in the Ad36-infected obese group (14 730.1 6 ± 2 227.39 )than in non-obese group (10 786.50 ± 2 772.80 )(P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Ad36 infection may be associated with the occurrence of obesity in Uygur population,and adenovirus type 36 infection may regulate the expression of serum progranulin at the protein level.
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Objective To evaluate set-up errors by megavoltage cone-beam CT in head and neck cancers treated with precision radiotherapy. Methods From April 2007 to March 2008, 22 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (15 patients) ,parotid carcinoma (4 patients) and brain glioma (3 patients) were enrolled, among whom 7 patients underwent three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and 15 received intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). The radiation dose was 56. 0 -70.4 Gy in 28 -32 fractions within 6 -7 weeks. Megavoltage cone-beam scan was performed weekly before treatment. The isocenter displacement was calculated by comparing megavoltage cone-beam CT and planning CT in left-right (LR), cranio-caudal (CC), and anterior-posterior (AP) directions. Results Totally 129 sets of megavoltage cone-beam CT images were obtained for 22 patients. The frequency of isocenter shift more than 0. 3 cm,0. 4 cm and 0. 5 cm were 28,15 and 9, respectively. The maximum mean set-up error was found in CC, which was about 0. 1 cm more than that in LR and AP. The frequency of isocenter shift direction was almost identical in LR and CC, which was more frequent (about 75%) in the posterior direction. Conclusions During the course of radiation of brain tumor and head and neck cancer, the enlarging tendency of set-up errors has been found in all the three directions. The isocenter shift in AP was more frequent to the posterior direction.
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Objective To quantitatively analyze the image quality of megavoltage cone-beam CT (MVCBCT) under different scanning conditions to provide reference in clinical applications. Methods Si-emens ONCOR linear accelerator with MVCBCT was used to scan the phantom under different conditions. The image quality was evaluated in terms of image noise, uniformity, spatial resolution, contrast resolution, the number of Monitor Units(MUs) used in imaging,and the size of the reconstruction matrix. The comparison of the image quality between MVCBCT and conventional simulator CT was also analyzed. Results The image noise was decreased with the increase of the number of MUs. The uniformity index showed that the system u-niformity was weakly dependent on MU numbers or the size of the reconstruction matrix. Except for the ima-ges with 5 MUs,all other images had the spatial resolution of 0.4 lp/mm with a reconstruction matrix of 256 ×256. Better low contrast resolution was achieved by using more MUs. For typical pelvis and head-and-neck patients,the imaging dose at the center was 0.8 cGy/MU and 0.7 cGy/MU, respectively,and the maxi-mum dose was about 1.2 cGy/MU. For typical abdomen patients,the image maximum dose and center dose was 1.3 cGy/MU and 0.7 cGy/MU,respectively. Conclusions The image quality of MVCBCT is inferior to the conventional kilo-voltage CT. However,with the optimization of the parameters in imaging,we can a-chieve sufficient image contrast in the bone,air and some soft-tissue structures with low imaging dose to pa-tients. Such images can be used for IGRT.
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Objective To investigate dose characteristics of megavoltage cone-beam CT in the low MU and rotation way for imaging,and to improve the quality assuraflce. Methods Dose linearity,a parameter describing beam characteristics,was measured for different numbers of MUs on megavoltage conebeam CT accelerator.Dose stability was measured 5 times using exposure of 7 MUs,which was repeated another 5 times 6 hours after. Results Dose linearity was good using exposure between 5 and 20 MUs.The average dose among the first and second 5 measurements was(5.74±0.01)Gy and(5.76±0.01)Gy while exposure of the accelerator was 7 MU.The difference between the two doses was 0.41%. he dose was stability while megavoltage cone-beam CT image was in the low MU and rotation way. Conclusion Dose characteristics of megavoltage cone-beam CT in the low MU and rotation way for imaging can qualify clinically application.
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Objective To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of performing dose calculation on megavoltage cone-beam CT(MVCBCT) in the head and neck. Methods MiniCTQC phantom was imaged using MVCBCT scanner, and the MVCBCT value density calibration curve was established. Conventional CT and MVCBCT image of phantom and nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) patient were acquired respectively. Two kinds of single field plan were designed for conventional CT image of phantom,and IMRT plan was used for conventional CT image of a NPC patient. The conventional CT plans were copied to MVCBCT image. The dose distribution was calculated for targets and normal tissues using the MVCBCT value density calibration curve,and compared with that of conventional CT. Results For all the cases,the differences between the calculated dose distributions using MVCBCT and CT were less than 3% and 3 mm in single field plan. In IMRT plan, DVHs of conventional CT and MVCBCT were in excellent agreement. The biggest difference between conventional CT and MVCBCT was 95 cGy with the error of 1.4%. On the isocenter plane,the passing rate was 95.5% ,99.4% ,93.8% ,98.7%, 100% ,94.5% ,97.3% ,95.6% ,99.3% and 99.4% for the beam angle of 0°,45°,90°,120°,160°,200°,240°,280° and 320°. Conclusions Performing dose calculation using MVCBCT in head-and-neck region was feasible, and the dose distributions on the conventional CT and MVCBCT were in excellent agreement.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the influence of estradiol benzoate (E2B) on the fluid reabsorption capacity of rat efferent ductuli.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Newborn male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously with E2B (0.2 mg/5 g body weight), and the histological morphology of efferent ductulus, epithelial ultrastructure, and immunoexpression of AQP-1 were investigated on postnatal day 14, 21, 28, 42 and 56, respectively. Vehicle was given to the controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After exposure to E2B, the lumina of the efferent ductuli dilated greatly (P < 0.05), and the epithelium height decreased significantly (P < 0.01), microvilli of nonciliated cells short and sparse, endocytic apparatus implicated in fluid reabsorption scarce, and with no AQP-1 expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High dosage of E2 B neonatally administrated to rats damages the fluid reabsorption capacity of efferent ductuli.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Absorption , Physiology , Animals, Newborn , Aquaporin 1 , Body Fluids , Metabolism , Epithelial Cells , Metabolism , Estradiol , Toxicity , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Testis , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the influence of estradiol benzoate (E2B) on the testis development of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Newborn male SD rats were injected subcutaneously with E2B (0.2 mg/5 g body weight). At days 14, 21, 28, 42 and 56 after birth, the rats were sacrificed after anaesthesia, and their testes were taken out and weighed. The cranial and caudal SEH and TD were measured respectively, the TD/SEH ratio in each part of the testis and the caudal SEH/cranial SEH ratio were calculated, and different stages of spermatogenesis were analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the experimental group, the testis weight was significantly lower than that of the control (P < 0.01), the testes constantly remained in the abdominal cavity, and there was much fluid retention in the rete testis all the time. From day 21 on, the TD/SEH ratio in the cranial testis was much higher than in the control (P < 0.01), and so was the caudal SEH/cranial SEH ratio (P < 0.01). And spermatogenesis was obviously retarded as compared with the control (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Exposure of newborn male SD rats to E2B can cause fluid retention in the testis and cryptorchid, which in turn may retard spermatogenesis.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Animals, Newborn , Estradiol , Pharmacology , Toxicity , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Spermatogenesis , TestisABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) after gastroduodenal operation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From December 1999 to December 2003, clinical data of 508 patients undergoing gastroduodenal operation were analyzed retrospectively. Risk factors for PPC were screened.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The complication rate of PPC was 25.8% (131/508). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age (OR=1.052), history of respiratory diseases (OR=2.915), serum albumin level (OR=0.995), length of intratracheal intubation (OR=1.005), length of nasogastric intubation (OR=1.059) and length of postoperative mechanical ventilation (OR=1.367) were risk factors for PPC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Patients with old age, lower serum albumin level, intraoperative or postoperative nasogastric intubation, intratracheal intubation or long-term mechanical ventilation were more prone to develop PPC.</p>